What is acne?
Acne is a skin condition characterised by pimples, redness and inflammation of the skin. It is usually linked to sebaceous gland activity and blocked hair follicles.
Acne usually appears in adolescence due to hormonal changes that increase sebum production, but it can also occur in adults.
Causes of acne
Acne can occur when too much oil builds up in the skin's sebaceous glands and clogs the pores. This is especially common during adolescence, when hormonal changes make the sebaceous glands produce more oil and the skin cannot always remove it. Acne can also be caused by bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes), which can trigger inflammation.
Hormonal changes have a major influence on acne. This is linked to increased levels of sex hormones (androgens), which stimulate sebum production. When androgen levels rise in women due to ovulation or hormonal disorders, this can also cause breakouts.
Using the wrong cosmetics or skin products can clog pores and activate the sebaceous glands. For example, people with oily or sensitive skin should avoid very rich creams and powders, as they make the skin condition worse.
It is important to choose cosmetics that do not clog pores or cause sensitivity and allergies.
Symptoms
Acne symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of acne. Some of the most common symptoms are:
- Inflamed spots on the skin surface: red, swollen and sometimes painful pimples, often called papules. If a pimple has a yellow head, it is called a pustule.
- Clogged pores: small white or black dots, known as comedones.
- Cystic acne: the most severe form of acne, in which large, painful cysts appear on the skin. They can last a long time and often leave scars.
- Red marks or scars: when acne clears up, it can leave red marks or scars that may remain on the skin for a long time.
In some people, acne can also cause itching, burning or pain.
Diagnosis
A dermatologist diagnoses acne by examining the skin. They may ask about your history of acne, such as when it appeared and what symptoms you have. In some cases a skin sample may be taken for a more detailed examination to check whether the acne is linked to other skin conditions, such as rosacea or dermatitis.
It is important to see a dermatologist as soon as possible if you notice large, painful pimples that do not go away for a long time. Your doctor will help determine the cause of your acne and recommend a treatment plan that may include medicines, laser treatments, special skin care products and more.
Acne treatment
Acne treatment can vary depending on the type, severity and causes of acne.
Possible treatments:
- Regular skin care: proper skin care is essential to remove excess sebum, dirt and make-up. Mild cleansers and oil-absorbing products such as toners are recommended, while keeping the skin hydrated.
- Antibiotics: antibiotics or other medicines can help control the bacteria that cause acne. Your dermatologist may recommend prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
- Retinoids: retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that help keep pores clear and reduce inflammation. Retinoids can only be prescribed by a dermatologist.
- Laser therapy: laser therapy can help reduce inflammation and acne breakouts. However, it is usually used for more severe cases.
- Changing your diet: some research suggests that diet can affect acne. Try to eat more fruit, vegetables and whole grains, and avoid fast food and processed products.
Acne can take time to clear up, so it is important to be patient and stick to your treatment plan.
Prevention
When the first symptoms appear, various measures can have a positive effect on the skin. However, it is important to find out what is causing the acne and act accordingly, because the condition tends to progress.
What helps reduce acne breakouts?
- Avoid tanning
- Use mild products and, during breakouts, a spot treatment such as zinc ointment
- Eat a healthy diet
- Avoid alcohol and nicotine
- Do not touch or squeeze blackheads and pimples
- Avoid stress
What else can help?
Some foods can affect acne breakouts, so it is important to watch your diet and choose foods that may help control acne.
It is recommended to avoid fatty, spicy and processed foods, as they can cause inflammation and increase the risk of acne. It is also important to drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated. However, foods can affect different people differently, so it is best to consult a doctor or nutritionist to create the right nutrition plan.
Our recommendation. For local care of blemish-prone skin, choose BIG PACK zinc ointment. Zinc oxide helps dry and soothe irritated areas of the skin.
Prepared from online sources.
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